We are a group of acting and former diplomats, military and intelligence officials, and experts who have dedicated our careers to supporting Transatlantic security. We hail from countries on both sides of the Atlantic and represent a wide spectrum of political parties from our nations of origin.
Over the past decade, the Government of the Russian Federation has engaged in a litany of malign activities aimed at upending liberal democratic norms across Europe and North America. The shocking poisoning of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny by a variant of the weapons-grade nerve agent Novichok shows that Moscow has not been deterred by Western actions and statements and refuses to reverse its destabilizing political adventurism at home and abroad. And at the crucial moment of the ongoing demonstrations in Belarus for free and fair elections, Western values must be held up high.
In light of this latest malign action, which we believe can only have been carried out or sanctioned by the Kremlin, we are calling on the European Commission, and the Governments of all European Union Member States, as well as the United States, Canada, Norway, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Georgia, and Moldova to take immediate action to stop the Kremlin-backed Nord Stream 2 pipeline.
We have long supported the Transatlantic relationship and the idea of European unity, and believe Nord Stream 2 undermines both for the following reasons:
First: Nord Stream 2 is not a European project. This project was not designed to serve Europeans. From conception to implementation, the project has stood in stark contradiction to Europe's interests. It is 100 percent owned by Kremlin-controlled Gazprom. The proposed pipeline has sparked condemnation from a broad majority of governments across the Transatlantic community in the six years since its first announcement in 2015, and the European Parliament continues to call for the cancellation of the project outright. This is because politicians, national security officials, and experts on both sides of the Atlantic recognize that the project is aimed at undermining the economic and strategic security of Ukraine at the very same time that Russia is waging a hybrid war aimed at destabilizing that nation.
Second: If Nord Stream 2 were to come into operation, it would provide the Kremlin the technical capability to end or significantly diminish gas transit via the Ukrainian pipeline network, harming the Ukrainian economy overnight while removing a lever of deterrence against further Russian aggression to destabilize that nation. For those who may be quick to suggest that Ukraine is protected by the recent agreement with Gazprom guaranteeing gas transit for the next 5 years, we say this: there is no agreement that the Russians sign these days that is worth more than the paper upon which it is written. Only depriving the Kremlin of the technical capability to circumvent Ukraine will ensure that Moscow cannot wield its energy weapon to degrade Kyiv's national security.
Third: Nord Stream 2 runs counter to the European Union's own stated energy security objectives. The 2015 European Energy Union policy concept includes calls for a focus on the diversification of energy infrastructure, which entails stepping back from the current over-reliance on Russia-dominated routes. Nord Stream 2 would do the opposite, concentrating an overwhelming majority of Russian gas imports to Europe via a single channel in the Baltic Sea. Nord Stream 2 is not being developed to bring significant new gas volumes to Germany and Western Europe, as project promoters falsely claim, but is being developed to simply reroute existing gas transit to avoid Ukraine. Given this reality, we also know that the supposed linkage of U.S. or other global liquified natural gas (LNG) sales in Europe with opposition to Nord Stream 2 is not grounded in technical, political, or market reality.
Finally: Moscow has long viewed large-scale, state-owned projects like Nord Stream 2 as strategic channels to line the pockets of domestic oligarchs and cronies of Mr. Putin, while exporting unacceptable levels of strategic corruption and elite capture in the West, for example:
Projects like Nord Stream 2 are used by Mr. Putin domestically as a means of enriching contractors with close ties to the Kremlin, including firms controlled by Russian oligarchs already designated under international sanctions programs.
- Projects like Nord Stream 2 are also used as vehicles for the Kremlin to capture and corrupt former Western officials. There are too many examples of former officials now directly employed by Russian state-owned enterprises who simultaneously advocate for Moscow's policy goals abroad.
We understand that if we really want to grapple with these serious national security concerns, we need to have a franker discussion and policy plan in the Transatlantic community to put an end to Kremlin strategic corruption of this nature.
Nord Stream 2 is not too far advanced to be stopped. We welcome the addition of prominent voices from across the German political spectrum to the choir of Transatlantic security leaders calling for Nord Stream 2 to be halted. Considering these arguments, we are calling on Governments across the Transatlantic community to:
- Use all possible multinational legal and sanctions tools to ensure the Kremlin's proposed Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project will never be allowed to come into operation.
- Take joint steps to actively consider the reduction of the volume of crude oil that our nations import from Russian state-owned enterprises.
- Open a robust dialogue to forge new Transatlantic political norms aimed at blunting the ability of some former Western officials from becoming well-paid conduits of Russian malign influence policies following government service.
We know these steps will require sacrifice on both sides of the Atlantic, but we are convinced that when it comes to standing up to the Kremlin's aggressive behavior, we are stronger together.
All cosigners of this open letter are acting in their personal capacity, and provided institutional affiliations are listed for the purposes of identification only, and do not imply institutional support for the content of the letter.
Mantas | Adomėnas | Member of the Lithuanian Parliament |
Natalia | Arno | President, Free Russia Foundation |
Anders | Aslund | Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council |
Margarita | Assenova | Non-Resident Fellow, Center for European Policy Analysis; Senior Fellow, Jamestown Foundation |
Stephen | Blank | Senior Fellow, FPRI.org |
Solomia | Bobrovska | Member of Foreign Affairs Committee, Parliament of Ukraine |
Mariana | Budjeryn | Research Associate, Project on Managing the Atom, Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center |
Janusz | Bugajski | Senior Fellow, Center for European Policy Analysis |
Eto | Buziashvili | Research Associate, DFRLab, Atlantic Council |
Debra | Cagan | Distinguished Energy Fellow, Transatlantic Leadership Network |
Emily | Channell-Justice | U.S. Anthropologist of Eastern Europe |
Yegor | Chernev | Member of Digital Committee, Parliament of Ukraine |
Ryszard | Czarnecki | Member of European Parliament (Poland) |
Matthew | Czekaj | Editor-in-Chief, Eurasia Daily Monitor, Jamestown Foundation |
Oleksandr | Danylyuk | Former Ukrainian Minister of Finance (2016-2018); Former Ukrainian National Security Advisor (2019) |
Willem | de Vogel | Chairman, Jamestown Foundation |
Peter | Doran | Former President, Center for European Policy Analysis |
Norman | Eisen | U.S. Ambassador (ret.); Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution |
Evelyn N. | Farkas, Ph.D. | Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Russia/Ukraine/Eurasia; Former 2020 Candidate for Congress to Represent NY-17 |
Sofia | Fedyna | Member of Parliament, Parliament of Ukraine |
Pavel | Fischer | Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Security, Senate of the Czech Republic |
Joerg | Forbig | Director for Central and Eastern Europe, German Marshall Fund of the United States |
Anna | Fotyga | Member of European Parliament (Poland) |
Andrew | Foxhall | Director of Research, Director of Russia and Eurasia Studies Centre, Henry Jackson Society, United Kingdom |
Roland | Freudenstein | Policy Director, Wilfried Martens Center for European Studies, Brussels |
Iryna | Fritz | Member of Ukrainian Parliament; Member of Anticorruption Committee, Parliament of Ukraine |
Alyona | Getmanchuk | Director, New Europe Center |
Ariana | Gic | Political and Legal Analyst; Director, Direct Initiative International Centre for Ukraine |
Mykhailo | Gonchar | Founder and President, CGS Strategy XXI; Chief Editor, Black Sea Security Journal; Former Advisor to the Secretary of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine |
Gustav Carl Maria | Gressel | Senior Policy Fellow, European Council on Foreign Relations, Berlin |
Agnia | Grigas | Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council |
Anne | Hall | U.S. Ambassador, ret., Former U.S. Ambassador to Lithuania |
Melinda | Haring | Deputy Director, Eurasia Center, Atlantic Council |
Iryna | Herashchenko | Co-chair of European Solidarity Faction, Parliament of Ukraine; Former First Deputy Chairwoman, Parliament of Ukraine; Ukrainian President's Humanitarian Envoy to the Minsk Peace Talks |
John | Herbst | Director, Eurasia Center, Atlantic Council; Former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine and Uzbekistan |
Hanna | Hopko | Foreign Affairs Committee Chair, Parliament of Ukraine (2014-2019) |
Glen | Howard | President, Jamestown Foundation |
Toomas Hendrik | Ilves | Former President of Estonia |
Mariia | Ionova | Member of Foreign Affairs Committee, Parliament of Ukraine; Former Acting Chairwoman, Committee on Ukraine's European Integration, Parliament of Ukraine |
Wojciech | Jakóbik | Editor-in-Chief, BiznesAlert.pl, Poland |
Jakub | Janda | Executive Director, European Values Center for Security Policy |
Donald | Jensen | |
Rasa | Juknevičienė | Member of European Parliament (Lithuania); Former Defense Minister of Lithuania |
Daria | Kalenyuk | Executive Director, Anticorruption Action Center (AntAC) |
Jonathan | Katz | Senior Fellow and Director of Democracy Initiatives, German Marshall Fund of the United States; Former USAID Deputy Assistant Administrator for Europe and Eurasia |
Ian | Kelly | Former U.S. Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and to Georgia |
Siim | Kiiser | Member of Estonian Parliament |
James | Kirchick | Brookings Institution |
Jakub | Klepal | Director, Forum 2000, Czech Republic |
Pavlo | Klimkin | Former Foreign Minister of Ukraine |
Ivanna | Klympush-Tsintsadze | Chairwoman of the Ukrainian Parliament Committee on EU Integration; Former Deputy Prime Minister for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration of Ukraine (2016-2019) |
Mikhail | Korchemkin | CEO, East European Gas Analysis |
David J. | Kramer | Former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor; Senior Fellow, Steven J. Green School of International & Public Affairs, Florida International University |
Tomáš | Kriššák | Open Society Foundation |
Andrius | Kubilus | Member of European Parliament (Lithuania), Former Prime Minister of Lithuania |
Zbigniew | Kuzmiuk | Member of European Parliament (Poland) |
Jack | Laurenson | Ukraine-based Investigative Journalist |
Oleksandr | Lazuka | Member of the City Council of Lutsk, Ukraine |
Miriam | Lexmann | Member of European Parliament (Slovakia) |
Jan | Lipavský | Vice Chair of Foreign and Defense Committees, Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic |
Danylo | Lubkivsky | Deputy Foreign Minister of Ukraine and Diplomatic Advisor to the Prime Minister of Ukraine (2014-2016) |
Edward | Lucas | Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Center for European Policy Analysis |
Natalya | Lunde | Vice President, Free Russia Foundation |
Peter | Lundgren | Member of European Parliament (Sweden) |
Stewart Malcolm | McDonald | Member of Parliament, Shadow SNP Spokesperson on Defense, Member of the Foreign Affairs Committee, House of Commons, United Kingdom |
James D. | Melville, Jr. | U.S. Ambassador, ret., Former U.S. Ambassador to Estonia |
Hans Petter | Midttun | Former Norwegian Defence Attaché to Ukraine |
Daniel | Milo | Senior Adviser, Globsec |
Kateryna | Musiienko | Assistant at European Parliament Office of Andrius Kubilius; ANTS Expert on European Integration |
Ana | Otilia Nutu | Expert Forum (EFOR) Romania |
Andriy | Parubiy | Speaker of Ukrainian Parliament (2016-2019); Member of Ukrainian Parliament; Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (2014) |
Žygimantas | Pavilionis | Deputy Chair of the Committee on European Affairs, Parliament of Lithuania |
Olena | Pavlenko | President, DiXi Group |
Nancy Bikoff | Pettit | Former U.S. Ambassador to Latvia |
Steven | Pifer | William Perry Research Fellow, CISAC, Stanford University; Former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine |
Corina | Rebegea | Director, Democratic Resilience Program, Center for European Policy Analysis |
Oleksii | Riabchyn | Advisor to the Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration; Former Deputy Minister for Energy and Environmental Protection and Member of Parliament of Ukraine |
Alan | Riley | Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council |
Bogdan | Rzonca | Member of European Parliament (Poland) |
Jacek | Saryusz-Wolski | Member of European Parliament (Poland) |
Benjamin L. | Schmitt | Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University; Former European Energy Security Advisor, U.S. Department of State |
Andras | Simonyi | Senior Fellow, Global Energy Center, Atlantic Council |
John | Sipher | Former Member of the Senior Intelligence Service, CIA |
Kateryna | Smagliy | Chief of Foreign Cooperation, Diplomatic Academy of Ukraine; Next Generation Leader, McCain Institute |
Maria | Snegovaya | Fellow, Center for European Policy Analysis |
Vladimir | Socor | Senior Fellow, Jamestown Foundation |
Roman | Sohn | Legal Expert; Chairman, Direct Initiative Centre for Ukraine |
Bohdan | Sokolovsky | Former Special Envoy of the President of Ukraine for International Energy Security |
Sergiy | Solodkyy | First Deputy Director, New Europe Center |
Jessica | Stegrud | Member of European Parliament (Sweden) |
Alice | Stollmeyer | Executive Director, Defend Democracy |
Martin | Svarovsky | Head of Security Strategies Program, European Values Center for Security Policy |
Reka | Szemerkenyi | Senior Fellow, Center for European Policy Analysis |
William | Taylor | Former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine |
Radu | Tudor | Co-Founder, TrueStory Project Romania |
Andreas | Umland | Senior Expert, Ukrainian Institute for the Future |
Marcel H. | Van Herpen | Director, The Cicero Foundation |
Egidijus | Vareikis | Member of Lithuanian Parliament |
Alexander | Vershbow | Former NATO Deputy Secretary General; Distinguished Fellow, Atlantic Council |
Natalya | Veselova | Member of Ukrainian Parliament (2014-2019) |
Nathalie | Vogel | Senior Fellow, European Values Center for Security Policy, Prague |
Viktor | Vovk | Former Deputy Head, Foreign Affairs Committee, Parliament of Ukraine; Member of Ukrainian Parliament (2014-2019) |
Alison | Wahl | Assistant Professor, Ithaca College; Second-Generation Ukrainian American |
Witold | Waszczykowski | Member of European Parliament; Former Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs |
Charlie | Weimers | Member of European Parliament (Sweden) |
Michael | Weiss | Director of Special Investigations, Free Russia Foundation |
Brian | Whitmore | Senior Fellow, Center for European Policy Analysis |
Ostap | Yednak | Member of Ukrainian Parliament (2014-2019); ANTS National Interests Advocacy Network |
Kostiantyn | Yelisieiev | Diplomatic Advisor to the President of Ukraine (2015-2019); Chairman of Ukraine's New Solutions Center NGO |
Marie L. | Yovanovitch | U.S. Ambassador, ret.; Senior Fellow, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |
Oksana | Yurynets | Former Head of Ukrainian Delegation to the NATO Parliamentary Assembly; Member of Ukrainian Parliament (2014-2019) |
Svitlana | Zalishchuk | Advisor to the Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine for European and Euroatlantic Integration |
Ilya | Zaslavsky | Senior Fellow, Free Russia Foundation |
Kosma | Zlotowski | Member of European Parliament (Poland) |
Przemyslaw | Zurawski vel Grajewski | Professor, University of Lodz and Diplomatic Academy of Poland; Counselor to the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Coordinator for Security, Defence, and Foreign Policy, Chancellery of the President of Poland |
The original article can be found @Newsweek
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